虚拟语气

1. 条件句中的虚拟语气

• 与现在事实相反：If + 主语 + 动词过去式, 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
  例句：If I were you, I would take that opportunity.
  （如果我是你，我会抓住那个机会。）
• 与过去事实相反：If + 主语 + had + 过去分词, 主语 + would/could/might + have + 过去分词
  例句：If she had studied harder, she could have passed the exam.
  （如果她当时更努力，她本可以通过考试。）
• 与将来可能性极小的假设：If + 主语 + were to/should + 动词原形, 主语 + would/could/might + 动词原形
  例句：If he were to win the lottery, he would buy a new car.
  （如果他中了大奖，他会买辆新车。）

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2. “I wish”句型

• 与现在事实相反：I wish + 主语 + 动词过去式
  例句：I wish I knew the answer.
  （我希望我知道答案。）
• 与过去事实相反：I wish + 主语 + had + 过去分词
  例句：I wish I had taken your advice.
  （我真希望我听了你的建议。）
• 与将来可能性极小的愿望：I wish + 主语 + would/could + 动词原形
  例句：I wish it would stop raining.
  （我希望雨能停下来。）

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3. “It’s (high) time”句型

结构：It is (high) time + 主语 + 动词过去式
例句：It’s high time you started working on your project.
（现在是你开始做项目的时候了。）

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4. “Would rather”句型

结构： Would rather + 主语 + 动词过去式
例句：I would rather you stayed at home today.
（我宁愿你今天待在家里。）

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5. “As if / As though”句型

• 与现在事实相反：主句 + as if/though + 主语 + 动词过去式
  例句：He talks as if he knew everything.
  （他讲话的样子好像他什么都知道。）
• 与过去事实相反：主句 + as if/though + 主语 + had + 过去分词
  例句：She looked at me as if I had said something wrong.
  （她看着我，好像我说错了什么。）

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6. 省略 if 的虚拟句（倒装）

• 与现在事实相反：Were + 主语 + …
  例句：Were I you, I would apologize.
  （如果我是你，我会道歉。）
• 与过去事实相反：Had + 主语 + 过去分词
  例句：Had he arrived earlier, he would have caught the train.
  （如果他早一点到，他就赶上火车了。）
• 与将来假设：Should + 主语 + 动词原形
  例句：Should you need help, feel free to contact me.
  （如果你需要帮助，请随时联系我。）

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7. 特殊连接词句型

• Lest（以免）：Lest + 主语 + (should) + 动词原形
  例句：He spoke quietly lest he (should) wake the baby.
  （他轻声说话以免吵醒婴儿。）
• Otherwise（否则）：假设条件省略后表达结果。
  例句：Study hard, otherwise you will fail.
  （努力学习，否则你会失败。）
• But for / Without（要不是）：相当于虚拟条件句。
  例句：But for his help, we would have failed.
  （如果不是他的帮助，我们就失败了。）

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8. 建议动词后的虚拟语气

在表示建议、命令、要求的动词（如suggest, demand, insist）后，宾语从句用虚拟语气。

结构：主语 + suggest/demand/insist + that + 主语 + 动词原形
例句：The teacher insisted that he finish his homework on time.
（老师坚持要求他按时完成作业。）

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9. “If only”句型

• 与现在事实相反：If only + 主语 + 动词过去式
  例句：If only I were more confident.
  （要是我更自信就好了。）
• 与过去事实相反：If only + 主语 + had + 过去分词
  例句：If only I had prepared better.
  （要是我准备得更充分就好了。）
• 与将来事实相反：If only + 主语 + would + 动词原形
  例句：If only he would listen to me.
  （要是他肯听我的话就好了。）

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